Three kidneys, two diseases, one antibody?

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: two diseases or one?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recently published evidence for common pathways explaining bone and muscle wasting in normal ageing and pathological conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies support the concept of a bone-muscle unit, where constant cross-talking between the two tissues takes place, involving molecules released by the skeletal muscle secretome, which affects bone, an...

Bcr-Abl: one kinase, two isoforms, two diseases

One patient, two lymphomas, three primaries.

Concomitant adenocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both located in the intestinal tract, are unusual. Collision tumors of the colon on the other hand are extremely rare neoplasms. A case of true collision tumor of a marginal zone lymphoma and a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon (hepatic flexure) is reported. Simultaneously, a third primary is identified as foll...

Information Geometry, One, Two, Three (and Four) *

Although the notion of entropy lies at the core of statistical mechanics, it is not often used in statistical mechanical models to characterize phase transitions, a role more usually played by quantities such as various order parameters, specific heats or susceptibilities. The relative entropy induces a metric, the so-called information or Fisher-Rao metric, on the space of parameters and the g...

The Planning Spectrum - One, Two, Three, Infinity

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is widely used for defining conditions on the execution paths of dynamic systems. In the case of dynamic systems that allow for nondeterministic evolutions, one has to specify, along with an LTL formula φ, which are the paths that are required to satisfy the formula. Two extreme cases are the universal interpretationA.φ, which requires that the formula be satisfied f...